As I mentioned some time ago , Andrea Scarantino and I wrote a paper on the relationships between information processing, computation, and cognition. As far as I know, it is the broadest and most systematic discussion of this topic to date. It also corrects a number of (what we consider) widespread mistakes and includes the most general and (what I consider to be) best formulation of my “mechanistic account” of computation.
The paper is now forthcoming in the Journal of Biological Physics. If anyone is interested, a preprint may be found